In this two part series we take a look at mechanical relays: different types, terminology, theory of operation, and design considerations. We finish part one with a demo of an armature relay showing its inside, how to actuate it, and capture its flyback voltage waveform with an Oscilloscope. In part 2 we look at a simple circuit that allows us to control armature or reed relays with a simple digital pin from a microcontroller. We also look at a circuit design that allows us to avoid hot switching when using mechanical relays.
ForceTronics
The ForceTronics blog provides tutorials on creating fun and unique electronic projects. The goal of each project will be to create a foundation or jumping off point for amateur, hobbyist, and professional engineers to build on and innovate. Please use the comments section for questions and go to forcetronics.com for information on forcetronics consulting services.
Friday, June 23, 2023
Tutorial on Routing Electrical Signal with Mechanical Relays
Wednesday, April 26, 2023
Designing an Adjustable LED Drive Circuit
Thursday, February 23, 2023
Building a Dynamic ESP32 Wireless Network using the ESP-Now Protocol
In this three part series we will design a dynamic wireless network using ESP32 modules and leveraging EXPRESSIF's ESP-NOW communication protocol.
In part 1 we provide an overview of the
ESP-NOW communication protocol and talk about how our dynamic wireless network
will work.
In part 2 we look at a simple
implementation of ESP-Now that will serve as a foundation for the dynamic
network we will design and cover in part 3.
Patreon page link: https://www.patreon.com/forcetronics
ESP-NOW documentation: https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32/api-reference/network/esp_now.html
**************Part 3 coming soon*******************************
Friday, January 6, 2023
Designing a Li-Ion and USB Power Circuit with Built-in Charging
This video series will take you step by step through how to design a circuit that can be powered from a USB input (5V) or from a Lithium Ion battery cell and output a regulated 5V. The design includes a battery charging circuit and a circuit that automatically isolates the battery from the power bus when USB power is applied.
Please support ForceTronics on Patreon: patreon.com/forcetronics
In part one we review the overall plan for the design, go over Li-ion battery cell basics, and give a crash course on boost switching voltage regulators.
Battery university link: https://batteryuniversity.com/
In part two we go into detail on our boost switching regulator design using Texas Instruments TPS61202 5-V fixed output voltage boost converter.
Link to TI’s TPS61202 product page: https://www.ti.com/product/TPS61202?qgpn=tps61202
In part three we look at the battery charging circuit and the power source isolation circuit
Sunday, December 4, 2022
How to Design a Programming Circuit for the ESP32
In the video we look at how to design a circuit for programming an ESP32 module. We also explain the Strapping Pins on the ESP32 and how they work.
Oscilloscope Capture of EN pin and GPIO0 setting ESP32 in Download Boot Mode
Sunday, November 27, 2022
How to Use a USB Type-C Connector in Your Next Microcontroller Based Project
In this video we give an overview of the USB type-C connector standard along with other related USB standards. We then look at an example design that implements a USB type-C connector and converts the USB 2.0 communication to serial or UART communication. You can then use the serial data to communicate, debug, or program your microcontroller for programming environments such as Arduino.
USB Type C Connector example implementation
USB 2.0 communication converted to UART / Serial
Wednesday, September 14, 2022
How to Control Water Flow with Arduino IoT Cloud and a Solenoid Parts 1 and 2
In this two part series we look at how to control a Solenoid using an ESP32 board and the Arduino IoT Cloud. In part one we focus on what a solenoid is and the hardware needed to drive a solenoid open or closed. In part 2 we focus on setting up the Arduino IoT Cloud control.